gliamicroglia

Glia are a diverse group of cells in the nervous system that play crucial roles in supporting, protecting, and nourishing neurons. They are often referred to as the "helper cells" of the brain and spinal cord. Unlike neurons, which are primarily responsible for transmitting electrical and chemical signals, glia are involved in a wider range of functions.

There are several main types of glia. Astrocytes are star-shaped cells that provide structural support, regulate the chemical environment around neurons, and help form the blood-brain barrier. Microglia are the immune cells of the central nervous system, acting as scavengers to clear debris and pathogens, and playing a role in inflammation. Oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system produce myelin, a fatty substance that insulates nerve fibers and speeds up signal transmission. Ependymal cells line the ventricles of the brain and produce cerebrospinal fluid.

Glia are essential for maintaining the health and proper functioning of the nervous system. Dysfunction or damage to glial cells has been implicated in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, and stroke. Research into glial biology continues to expand our understanding of brain function and the development of new therapeutic strategies for neurological conditions.