glaukomának

Glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is vital for good vision. This damage is often caused by an abnormally high pressure in your eye. The optic nerve is made up of more than one million nerve fibers. It connects the eye to the brain. As more eye nerve fibers are damaged, blind spots may develop in your visual field. If glaucoma is left untreated, it can lead to total blindness.

There are several types of glaucoma. The most common is open-angle glaucoma, where the drainage angle of the eye is open, but fluid still doesn't flow properly. Another type is angle-closure glaucoma, which occurs when the iris is very close to the drainage angle in your eye. If the angle gets blocked, the pressure inside your eye can rise suddenly. Other forms include normal-tension glaucoma, congenital glaucoma, and secondary glaucoma, which can be caused by other medical conditions or medications.

Symptoms vary depending on the type of glaucoma. Open-angle glaucoma often progresses slowly and painlessly, with no noticeable early symptoms. Vision loss may begin with peripheral or side vision. Angle-closure glaucoma can cause sudden eye pain, nausea, vomiting, blurred vision, halos around lights, and redness of the eye.

Diagnosis involves a comprehensive eye exam, including measuring intraocular pressure (tonometry), inspecting the optic nerve, testing peripheral vision (visual field testing), and examining the eye's drainage angle (gonioscopy).

Treatment aims to lower eye pressure and prevent further optic nerve damage. This can include prescription eye drops, oral medications, laser treatment to improve fluid drainage, or surgery to create a new drainage channel. Early detection and consistent treatment are crucial to managing glaucoma and preserving vision.