giliszták

Giliszták, commonly known as earthworms, are segmented invertebrates belonging to the phylum Annelida. They are characterized by their elongated, cylindrical bodies, which are divided into numerous segments. Earthworms lack a skeleton and rely on hydrostatic pressure within their body cavity for locomotion, achieved through muscle contractions that alternately lengthen and shorten their bodies. They typically possess setae, small bristle-like structures on their segments, which aid in anchoring themselves and moving through soil.

These creatures are detritivores, meaning they feed on dead organic matter, primarily decaying plant material found in the soil. As they ingest soil and organic debris, they process it and excrete it as castings, which are rich in nutrients and improve soil structure and fertility. This ecological role makes earthworms vital for soil health and plant growth, earning them the moniker "nature's plow." They play a significant part in nutrient cycling and aeration of the soil.

Earthworms are hermaphrodites, possessing both male and female reproductive organs, though they typically cross-fertilize. They reproduce by laying eggs in cocoons, which are deposited in the soil. Different species of earthworms inhabit various soil depths and environments, with some preferring surface litter while others burrow deeper. Their presence is often an indicator of a healthy soil ecosystem.