gigantismia

Gigantism is a rare endocrine disorder characterized by excessive growth in height. It occurs during childhood or adolescence, before the bones' growth plates have closed. The primary cause of gigantism is an overproduction of growth hormone (GH) by the pituitary gland, a small gland located at the base of the brain. In most cases, this overproduction is due to a benign tumor on the pituitary gland called a pituitary adenoma.

Individuals with gigantism experience a rapid and significant increase in height, often reaching heights well above average for their age and sex. This excessive growth affects not only their height but can also lead to enlarged hands and feet, and a larger than average head size. Other potential symptoms can include headaches, vision problems (due to pressure on the optic nerves from the adenoma), and in some cases, delayed puberty.

Diagnosis typically involves blood tests to measure GH and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) levels, which are elevated in gigantism. Imaging tests, such as MRI scans, are used to locate the pituitary tumor. Treatment aims to reduce GH levels and control tumor growth. This can involve medication to block GH production, surgery to remove the pituitary adenoma, or radiation therapy. Early diagnosis and treatment are crucial to manage the condition and prevent potential complications, which can include heart problems, diabetes, and joint issues.