gewendet

Gewendet is the past participle of the German verb wenden. In standard use it denotes that something has been turned, flipped, or redirected by an agent. It is most common in transitive constructions with a direct object.

In everyday language, gewendet appears in perfect tense forms with haben, for example: Ich habe den Wagen gewendet. The related passive or ongoing action can be conveyed with a present passive form such as Der Wagen wird gewendet, meaning the car is being turned around.

Gewendet is contrasted with the past participle of the reflexive verb sich wenden. When the meaning is “to turn toward or address someone,” German normally uses gewandt, as in Ich habe mich an jemanden gewandt (I have turned to someone / addressed someone). This distinction helps separate intentional turning of an object from turning one’s attention or approach to a person.

Etymology and related forms: Gewendet derives from the Germanic root wend-, related to turning or changing direction. Related nouns include Wende (turn, turning point) and Wendung (phrase, rotation, twist).

Usage notes: Wenden as a general verb covers turning an object, reversing a direction, or rotating equipment. As a speech act, turn toward someone uses sich wenden with the participle gewandt rather than gewendet. In technical writing, gewendet may appear in instructions or descriptions of processes that involve flipping or turning components.

See also: wenden, Wende, Wendung, sich wenden.