gerundcomplement

A gerund complement is a type of complement that takes the form of a gerund, which is a verb form ending in -ing that functions as a noun. In a sentence, a gerund complement typically follows a linking verb and functions as the direct object of the sentence.

In many languages, especially English, gerunds can act as complements to certain verbs, such as "to be" or "to seem". When a gerund serves as a complement, it typically receives a subject, although the subject of the gerund can sometimes be understood or implied.

For example, in the sentence "It looks like singing", the verb "singing" is the gerund complement of the verb "looks". In this construction, the gerund takes on a meaning that is synonymous with the infinitive, such as in the sentence "It seems to be happy".

Gerund complements can be classified into three types: nominal, verbal, and inherent. Nominal gerund complements, such as "having fun", function as a noun and can appear with a subject. Verbal gerund complements, such as "being happy", posit a relation other than one of identity. Inherent gerund complements, such as "smelling", function more like a noun and typically require a subject.

The choice between an infinitive and a gerund complement is often determined by the degree of importance they have in the sentence. For example, if the emphasis is on the state of the subject, an infinitive will often be preferred; however, if the emphasis is on a state of an action, the gerund will be preferred.

Gerund complements have distinct differences from gerund phrases, which typically have a notion of extension or an event that lasts.