geostacionárius

Geostacionário is a term used to describe a satellite in a specific orbit around the Earth. This type of satellite has a synchronization with the Earth's rotations, allowing it to remain in the same position above a particular point on the planet's surface. The satellite's orbital period is the same as the Earth's rotational period, which is approximately 24 hours.

To achieve geostacionário orbit, a satellite must reach an altitude of approximately 35,786 kilometers (22,236 miles) above the equator, where the gravitational forces of the Earth and the centrifugal force caused by the satellite's velocity balance each other. At this altitude, the satellite moves at a speed of about 1 mile per second, which allows it to remain in a fixed position above the Earth's surface.

Geostacionário satellites are commonly used for communication purposes, such as television broadcasting and telecommunications. They can also be used for weather forecasting, Earth observation, and spy satellite intelligence gathering. One of the main advantages of geostacionário satellites is that they can provide continuous coverage of a specific region, allowing for more effective and efficient communication.

There are three types of geostacionário orbits, including: GSO (Geostacionário Orbit), which is the most commonly used; and the less common GTO (Geostacionário Transfer Orbit) and GEO (Geostationary Equatorial Orbit). The first artificial satellite to achieve geostacionário orbit was the Soviet satellite Molniya-1 launched in 1965, and the US satellite Syncom 2 became the first commercial geostacionário satellite in 1963.