geodeesia
Geodeesia is the scientific discipline concerned with measuring and representing the size, shape, orientation and gravity field of the Earth, and with determining precise positions on its surface. The field combines geometry, geophysics, astronomy and surveying to establish reference frames and models used for mapping, navigation, engineering and Earth science research.
Historically rooted in ancient efforts to estimate the Earth’s dimensions, geodeesia developed formal methods such as
Practitioners work within geodetic reference frames that define coordinates and heights for mapping, cadastral surveying, infrastructure