gefitinibia

Gefitinib is an oral medication used in the treatment of certain types of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). It belongs to a class of drugs known as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Specifically, gefitinib targets and inhibits the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) tyrosine kinase. In some NSCLC patients, the EGFR gene has mutations that lead to an overactive EGFR protein, which drives cancer cell growth and survival. Gefitinib works by blocking the signaling pathways that this mutated EGFR protein activates, thereby slowing or stopping the growth of cancer cells.

The use of gefitinib is typically reserved for patients whose tumors have specific EGFR mutations, such as exon 19 deletions or L858R substitutions in exon 21. These mutations are identified through genetic testing of the tumor tissue. It is generally administered as a single daily dose. Common side effects can include diarrhea, rash, dry skin, and nausea. Less frequent but more serious side effects may involve liver problems or interstitial lung disease. Gefitinib was one of the first targeted therapies approved for NSCLC and has significantly improved outcomes for a subset of patients with EGFR-mutated disease. It is important for patients to discuss the potential benefits and risks with their healthcare provider.