gebundener

Gebundener is a German adjective form derived from the past participle gebunden of the verb binden, meaning bound, tied, or constrained. As a grammatical form it is the masculine nominative singular ending used with a determiner or in strong declension, for example in the phrase ein gebundener Mann. The term can also appear in other declined forms depending on gender, number, and case (gebundene, gebundenes, gebundenen, etc.).

In ordinary usage, gebunden describes something that is physically tied or secured, but it is also used metaphorically to indicate constraint or obligation. Common phrases include gebundene Bücher, meaning hardcover books, where gebunden acts as an attributive adjective describing the noun Bücher. The form is met in both everyday language and technical contexts.

In specialized domains, gebunden or gebundener appears in established terms. In physics and chemistry, gebundene Zustände (bound states) describe systems in which particles are confined by a potential, a standard concept in quantum mechanics. In literature and scholarly writing, the word can serve as a descriptive modifier in the same way as other past-participle adjectives, with its ending adapting to gender, number, and case.

Etymology outside of grammar is straightforward: gebunden comes from binden, with the participial suffix -en forming the base adjective; the -er ending is used for masculine nominative singular when no article restricts the noun. Overall, gebundener functions primarily as a declined form of gebunden and is rarely used as a standalone lexical entry.