garatnyálkahártya

The term "garatnyálkahártya" refers to the mucous membrane lining the pharynx, also known as the throat. This specialized tissue plays a crucial role in the respiratory and digestive systems. It is characterized by its moist, smooth surface, which is maintained by the continuous secretion of mucus. This mucus serves several important functions, including trapping inhaled particles, dust, and pathogens, thus protecting the underlying tissues from irritation and infection.

The garatnyálkahártya is composed of stratified squamous epithelium in its more exposed areas, particularly where it transitions to the oral cavity, and pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium in other regions. The cilia, tiny hair-like structures, constantly beat in a coordinated fashion to move mucus and trapped debris towards the esophagus to be swallowed or expelled. Embedded within the garatnyálkahártya are numerous goblet cells that produce the mucus.

This mucous membrane is rich in blood vessels, which help to warm inhaled air before it reaches the lungs and contribute to the immune defense by delivering immune cells to the site of potential infection. The garatnyálkahártya is also sensitive to touch, which can trigger the gag reflex, a protective mechanism to prevent choking. Inflammation of this lining, known as pharyngitis, is a common condition often caused by viral or bacterial infections.