ganciclovirin

Ganciclovir is an antiviral medication used to treat or prevent infections caused by cytomegalovirus (CMV). CMV is a common virus that can cause serious illness in people with weakened immune systems, such as those with HIV/AIDS or who have undergone organ transplants. Ganciclovir works by inhibiting the replication of CMV, preventing it from multiplying and causing further damage to the body.

The drug is typically administered intravenously, though oral and intraocular formulations also exist. Intravenous ganciclovir is often given for induction therapy, followed by a maintenance dose to prevent recurrence of the infection. Treatment duration varies depending on the severity of the infection and the patient's immune status.

Ganciclovir is a nucleoside analog, specifically a guanine analog. Once inside the body, it is converted by viral and cellular enzymes into its active triphosphate form. This active form then competes with the natural substrate deoxyguanosine triphosphate for incorporation into viral DNA. Upon incorporation, it terminates DNA chain elongation, thereby inhibiting viral replication.

Common side effects of ganciclovir can include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, and fever. More serious side effects, though less common, may involve bone marrow suppression, leading to decreased white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, or platelet counts, which can increase the risk of infection, anemia, and bleeding. Ganciclovir requires careful monitoring of blood counts and kidney function during treatment. It is a prescription medication and should only be used under the supervision of a qualified healthcare professional.