gammastråling

Gammastråling, also known as gamma rays, is a form of electromagnetic radiation that originates from the nucleus of an atom. It is the most energetic form of electromagnetic radiation, with wavelengths shorter than X-rays. Gamma rays are produced during radioactive decay, when an unstable atomic nucleus releases energy in the form of photons. This process often occurs after alpha or beta decay, as the nucleus transitions from an excited state to a more stable one.

These highly energetic photons are capable of penetrating matter to a significant extent. Their interaction with matter depends on the energy of the gamma ray and the atomic number of the material. Common interactions include the photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, and pair production. Due to their penetrating power, gamma rays can be harmful to living organisms. They can damage DNA and other cellular structures, increasing the risk of cancer and other health problems. For this reason, careful shielding, often made of dense materials like lead or concrete, is required when working with sources of gamma radiation.

Despite their potential hazards, gamma rays have important applications. They are used in medicine for cancer treatment (radiotherapy) and medical imaging (PET scans). In industry, gamma rays are employed for sterilization of medical equipment and food, as well as for non-destructive testing of materials. Astronomers also study gamma rays emitted from celestial objects to learn about energetic cosmic events like supernovae and active galactic nuclei.