galvanizationa

Galvanizationa (also known as galvanization) is the process of applying a protective zinc coating to steel or iron to prevent corrosion. The most common methods are hot-dip galvanizing, electrogalvanizing, and sherardizing. In hot-dip galvanizing, parts are cleaned and immersed in molten zinc, producing a thick, durable coating. Electrogalvanizing uses an electrolytic deposition to create a thinner, smoother layer suitable for small parts and complex shapes. Sherardizing diffuses zinc powder into steel in a rotating drum at elevated temperature, yielding a uniform coating with good wear resistance.

Protection arises from two effects: the zinc coating acts as a barrier to moisture and oxygen, and it provides galvanic protection because zinc is more anodic than iron; scratches expose zinc, which continues to protect the exposed metal.

Applications include construction components such as beams, pipes, and fasteners, as well as automotive, agricultural equipment, and electrical enclosures. Durability depends on environment, coating thickness, and quality of application; hot-dip galvanizing typically lasts longer outdoors than electroplating. Damaged coatings can be repaired or recoated.

Standards: galvanizing is governed by standards such as ISO 1461 for hot-dip processes and corresponding national standards. Environmental considerations include zinc runoff and energy use in production.