förbränningsmotors

Förbränningsmotor, often translated as internal combustion engine, is a heat engine where the combustion of a fuel occurs with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber which is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of the high-temperature and high-pressure gas produces useful work by moving a piston, or a rotor, or by acting on a turbine. This engine works by burning fuel internally, releasing energy that drives mechanical parts. The most common fuels used are gasoline, diesel, and natural gas.

The basic principle involves a cycle of intake, compression, combustion (power stroke), and exhaust. During the intake stroke, a mixture of fuel and air enters the cylinder. This mixture is then compressed by a piston. In the compression stroke, the piston moves upwards, reducing the volume and increasing the pressure and temperature of the fuel-air mixture. The combustion stroke follows, where the compressed mixture is ignited, typically by a spark plug in gasoline engines or by compression heat in diesel engines. The resulting explosion creates a rapid expansion of gases, pushing the piston down and generating power. Finally, the exhaust stroke expels the burnt gases from the cylinder, preparing it for the next cycle.

Förbränningsmotorer are ubiquitous in modern society, powering vehicles such as cars, motorcycles, trucks, and buses. They are also used in many other applications, including generators, lawnmowers, and some aircraft. While highly effective and widely adopted, they are also a significant source of air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions. Ongoing research and development focus on improving their efficiency and reducing their environmental impact, alongside the development of alternative power sources like electric motors.