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Fractional refers to something that is divided into parts or portions. In mathematics, a fraction is a number that represents a part of a whole, typically expressed as a ratio of two integers, a numerator and a denominator. For example, 1/2 is a fraction representing one part out of two equal parts. The concept of fractional numbers is fundamental to arithmetic and allows for the representation of quantities that are not whole numbers.

The term "fractional" can also be applied in a broader sense to describe any division or distribution of something into smaller segments. For instance, in finance, fractional ownership means that multiple parties hold a share in an asset. In technology, fractional distillation is a process used to separate mixtures into their component parts based on differences in boiling points, yielding distinct fractions. Similarly, fractional reserve banking is a system where banks hold only a fraction of their depositors' funds in reserve, lending out the rest. The core idea behind the term "fractional" consistently involves the division of a larger entity into smaller, manageable components.