fpv

FPV, or first-person view, refers to piloting an unmanned vehicle by using a live video feed from a camera mounted on the craft. The pilot wears a video headset or monitors the feed to experience a first-person perspective, which enhances situational awareness and control. FPV is used on drones, RC cars, boats, and rockets, and is common in hobbyist racing as well as aerial cinematography.

Key components include a camera, a video transmitter (VTX) and receiver, a display device (goggles or screen), and antennas. Many systems also use a diversity setup, combining multiple antennas for improved reception, and a flight controller to stabilize the vehicle.

There are two broad transmission approaches. Analog FPV sends a continuous RF signal with low latency and generally lower cost, but image quality and range can be degraded in interference. Digital FPV systems deliver higher resolution and more robust signal but traditionally incur higher latency; recent digital ecosystems aim to minimize latency.

Regulation and safety: FPV pilots must comply with local aviation rules, which vary by country. Visual line of sight requirements, licensing, and flight restrictions may apply. Use of spotters or observers and geofencing features can be part of compliant operations.

History and impact: FPV emerged from RC hobbyists in the late 20th century and matured with racing leagues in the 2010s. The development of affordable cameras, VTXs, and goggles contributed to a rapid expansion of DIY builds as well as professional aerial cinematography.