fotokatalytic

Fotokatalysa, also known as photocatalysis, is a chemical reaction on the surface of a catalyst induced by light. The catalyst, known as a photocatalyst, absorbs light, which excites electrons to a higher energy level, creating electron-hole pairs. These excited electrons and holes can then participate in redox reactions, leading to the transformation of reactant molecules. Photocatalysis is widely used in various applications, including environmental remediation, water splitting for hydrogen production, and organic synthesis.

The most commonly used photocatalysts are titanium dioxide (TiO2) and zinc oxide (ZnO), both of which are semiconductors with suitable band gaps for visible light absorption. Other materials, such as cadmium sulfide (CdS) and tungsten trioxide (WO3), are also employed depending on the specific application and desired wavelength of light.

Photocatalysis offers several advantages, including high efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and the potential for continuous operation. However, challenges remain, such as the need for efficient light harvesting, the stability of photocatalysts under reaction conditions, and the selective control of reaction pathways.

Applications of photocatalysis include the degradation of organic pollutants in water and air, the production of hydrogen through water splitting, and the synthesis of fine chemicals. Ongoing research aims to improve the efficiency, stability, and selectivity of photocatalytic systems, as well as to explore new photocatalysts and reaction mechanisms.