fotokatalizátorokban

Fotokatalizátorokban is a term in Czech referring to photocatalysts. Photocatalysts are substances that, when exposed to light, accelerate a chemical reaction without being consumed in the process. This phenomenon is known as photocatalysis. The most common photocatalyst is titanium dioxide (TiO2), which is widely used in various applications.

The mechanism of photocatalysis typically involves the absorption of photons by the photocatalyst, leading to the excitation of electrons. These excited electrons can then participate in redox reactions, generating reactive species such as hydroxyl radicals (•OH) and superoxide radicals (O2•-). These highly reactive species are capable of oxidizing or reducing other substances in their vicinity, thereby initiating or facilitating chemical transformations.

Applications of photocatalysts are diverse and span multiple fields. In environmental remediation, they are employed to break down organic pollutants in water and air, making them useful for water purification and air filtration systems. They can also be used for self-cleaning surfaces, where exposure to sunlight degrades dirt and grime. In the energy sector, photocatalysis plays a role in artificial photosynthesis, aiming to convert solar energy into chemical energy, for example, through water splitting to produce hydrogen fuel. Furthermore, photocatalysts are utilized in antimicrobial coatings and in certain medical therapies. The efficiency and selectivity of photocatalytic processes depend on factors such as the type of photocatalyst, light source, and reaction conditions.