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Formaldehyde, also known as methanal, is an organic compound with the formula CH2O. It is the simplest aldehyde, consisting of a carbonyl group bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Formaldehyde is a colorless gas at room temperature, with a pungent and irritating odor. It is highly soluble in water and other polar solvents.

In its pure form, formaldehyde is a gas. However, it is most commonly encountered as an aqueous solution known as formalin, typically containing 37% formaldehyde by weight. Formalin is widely used as a disinfectant and preservative, particularly in biological laboratories for fixing tissues. Formaldehyde is also used in the production of various materials, including resins such as urea-formaldehyde, melamine-formaldehyde, and phenol-formaldehyde. These resins are found in a wide range of products, including adhesives, laminates, particleboard, and molding compounds.

Formaldehyde is a known irritant to the eyes, nose, and throat. Prolonged or high-level exposure can cause respiratory problems, skin allergies, and other health issues. The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) classifies formaldehyde as a known human carcinogen. Due to its hazardous properties, strict regulations govern its use and exposure limits in occupational settings and consumer products.