formaldehidi

Formaldehidi is a chemical compound scientifically known as formaldehyde, with the molecular formula CH2O. It is the simplest aldehyde, characterized by a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom and single-bonded to two hydrogen atoms. Formaldehyde is a colorless, pungent-smelling gas at room temperature and is highly soluble in water, forming a saturated aqueous solution known as formalin.

Formaldehyde is widely used in industrial applications, including the production of resins such as urea-formaldehyde and phenol-formaldehyde, which are used in adhesives, particleboard, and insulation materials. It also serves as a preservative in medical laboratories and funeral homes, where it is used to preserve biological specimens and cadavers.

The compound has been subject to health and safety concerns due to its classified status as a human carcinogen by organizations such as the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). Exposure to formaldehyde vapors can cause irritation of the eyes, nose, and throat, and prolonged or high-level exposure may lead to respiratory problems and an increased risk of cancer.

Environmental exposure to formaldehyde can occur in indoor air from building materials, cigarette smoke, and household products. Regulations and guidelines have been established in many countries to limit occupational and residential exposure to formaldehyde.

Despite its hazards, formaldehyde remains an essential chemical in various industries. Ongoing research continues to seek safer alternatives and methods to minimize its environmental and health impacts while maintaining its industrial utility.