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Formaldehyde is an organic compound with the chemical formula CH2O. It is the simplest aldehyde and is a colorless, pungent gas. It is also known by the systematic name methanal. Formaldehyde is a highly reactive molecule and is an important precursor in the synthesis of many other chemicals. It is primarily produced industrially through the catalytic oxidation of methanol.

In its gaseous form, formaldehyde is flammable and can form explosive mixtures with air. It is also highly soluble in water, forming an aqueous solution commonly known as formalin. Formalin typically contains about 37% formaldehyde by weight, along with methanol to inhibit polymerization.

Formaldehyde has a wide range of applications. It is used in the production of resins, such as urea-formaldehyde, phenol-formaldehyde, and melamine-formaldehyde, which are used in adhesives, coatings, and insulation materials. It is also employed as a disinfectant and preservative, particularly in biological and medical settings, due to its ability to kill microorganisms and denature proteins. Historically, it was used in embalming.

Exposure to formaldehyde can cause irritation to the eyes, nose, and throat. It is classified as a known human carcinogen by several health organizations. Strict regulations are in place in many countries to limit occupational and environmental exposure to formaldehyde.