formüülrühma

A formüülrühm, also known as a formyl group, is a functional group in organic chemistry represented by the chemical formula -CHO. It consists of a carbonyl group (C=O) where one of the bonds to the carbon atom is to a hydrogen atom, and the other is to the rest of the molecule. This makes it a type of aldehyde.

The formyl group is characterized by its reactivity. The carbonyl carbon is electrophilic due to the electronegativity of the oxygen atom, making it susceptible to nucleophilic attack. The hydrogen atom attached to the carbonyl carbon is somewhat acidic and can be removed under certain conditions.

Formüülrühm is a key structural feature in many organic compounds, most notably aldehydes. For example, formaldehyde (CH2O) is the simplest aldehyde and contains two formyl groups attached to a central carbon atom, though it is more commonly represented with one formyl group and two hydrogens on the central carbon. Formic acid (HCOOH), the simplest carboxylic acid, also contains a formyl group, albeit one that has been oxidized.

The presence of a formyl group imparts specific chemical properties to a molecule, influencing its solubility, reactivity, and potential to participate in various organic reactions such as oxidation, reduction, and nucleophilic addition. It is a fundamental building block in the synthesis of more complex organic molecules.