forgattyúshajtóm

A forgattyúshajtóm, more commonly known in English as a crankshaft, is a crucial component in internal combustion engines and other reciprocating machinery. Its primary function is to convert the linear, reciprocating motion of a piston into the rotational motion required to drive a vehicle's wheels or power other equipment.

The crankshaft is typically made of forged steel to withstand the immense forces it experiences. It consists of several main parts: the main journals, which are the bearing surfaces that allow the crankshaft to rotate within the engine block; the crankpins, which are offset from the main journals; and the crank webs, which connect the main journals to the crankpins. The pistons are connected to the crankpins via connecting rods. As the pistons move up and down within the cylinders, the connecting rods push and pull on the offset crankpins, causing the crankshaft to rotate.

The design and balance of a crankshaft are critical for smooth engine operation. Counterweights are often incorporated into the crank webs to offset the reciprocating mass of the pistons and connecting rods, thereby reducing vibrations and stresses on the engine. The number of cylinders and their firing order dictate the configuration and timing of the crankshaft's throws (the offset sections where the connecting rods attach). Advanced crankshafts may also feature hollow sections to reduce weight and improve thermal efficiency.