fonológiafonetika

Phonology and phonetics are two closely related but distinct subfields of linguistics that study the sounds of human speech. Phonetics is concerned with the physical properties of speech sounds, their production, and their acoustic characteristics. It focuses on the actual sounds that are produced by speakers, regardless of their meaning or function within a language. Phonetics describes the way sounds are made in the vocal tract, how they travel through the air, and how they are perceived by the ear.

Phonology, on the other hand, deals with the systematic organization of sounds in a particular language. It examines how sounds function to distinguish meaning and how they are patterned in speech. Phonology identifies the phonemes of a language, which are the smallest units of sound that can change the meaning of a word. For example, the sounds /p/ and /b/ are phonemes in English because changing one for the other can change a word, such as "pat" versus "bat." Phonology also studies the rules that govern how sounds can be combined and the variations in pronunciation that are considered acceptable within a language. While phonetics describes the raw material of speech, phonology explains how this material is used to create meaning and structure within a linguistic system.