fluorokinolones

Fluorokinolones, also known as fluoroquinolones, are a class of synthetic antimicrobial agents that inhibit bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, two essential enzymes necessary for bacterial DNA replication, transcription, and repair. These medications are effective against a wide range of bacterial infections, including those caused by Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.

The mechanism of action of fluoroquinolones involves the inhibition of DNA gyrase, a bacterial enzyme that unwinds and relaxes supercoiled DNA, allowing for replication and transcription. By binding to the gyrase, these medications prevent the enzyme from performing its normal function, leading to bacterial cell death. Fluoroquinolones also target topoisomerase IV, an enzyme that is involved in repairing DNA damage and is essential for bacterial survival.

Fluoroquinolones have a broad spectrum of activity, making them effective against a wide range of bacterial pathogens, including Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These medications are commonly used to treat various infections, such as respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, and skin and soft tissue infections.

Common examples of fluoroquinolones include ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and gemifloxacin. These medications are available in various forms, including oral tablets and capsules, and intravenous injections. Fluoroquinolones are generally well-tolerated, but can cause side effects, including gastrointestinal upset, phototoxicity, and tendonitis.

Overall, fluorokinolones are a valuable class of antimicrobial agents that have significantly improved the treatment of bacterial infections.