fluorokinolona

Fluorokinolona is a class of synthetic broad-spectrum antibacterial drugs. These medications function by inhibiting bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV, enzymes essential for DNA replication, transcription, repair, and recombination. This inhibition leads to the breakage of bacterial DNA and ultimately cell death.

The primary therapeutic use of fluorokinolones is in the treatment of a variety of bacterial infections. They are effective against many Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Common indications include respiratory tract infections, urinary tract infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and certain sexually transmitted infections.

Despite their efficacy, fluorokinolones are associated with a range of potential side effects. These can include gastrointestinal disturbances, central nervous system effects such as dizziness and confusion, and photosensitivity. More serious, though less common, adverse reactions can involve tendonitis and tendon rupture, peripheral neuropathy, and cardiac arrhythmias. Due to the risk of serious side effects, their use is often reserved for situations where other antibiotic options are not suitable.

Concerns about the increasing prevalence of antibiotic resistance have led to more cautious prescribing of fluorokinolones. Resistance can develop through mutations in the bacterial genes encoding DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV. Therefore, it is crucial to use these drugs judiciously and only when indicated by a healthcare professional.