fluconasool

Fluconazole, known as fluconasool in some regions, is an antifungal in the azole class. It is used to treat and prevent infections caused by susceptible yeasts. Fluconazole inhibits fungal 14-alpha-demethylase, reducing ergosterol synthesis and disrupting the cell membrane.

It is active mainly against Candida species (including C. albicans) and Cryptococcus neoformans. It has limited activity against moulds such as Aspergillus and is not effective against many resistant fungi. Some species, notably C. glabrata and C. krusei, show reduced susceptibility.

Indications include oropharyngeal/esophageal candidiasis, vaginal candidiasis, and maintenance therapy for cryptococcal meningitis. It is also used for systemic candidiasis and for prophylaxis in immunocompromised patients, such as transplant recipients.

Pharmacokinetics: fluconazole has high oral bioavailability and good tissue penetration, including CSF when meninges are inflamed. Half-life is about 30 hours in adults with normal renal function. It is predominantly excreted unchanged in the urine; adjust dosing for renal impairment. The intravenous and oral forms allow flexible administration.

Safety and interactions: common adverse effects include nausea, abdominal pain, and headache. Rare but serious liver toxicity and hypersensitivity can occur. Fluconazole can interact with CYP-metabolized drugs (warfarin, phenytoin, cyclosporine) and alter drug levels. Contraindicated in hypersensitivity to fluconazole or other azoles; use with caution in severe hepatic disease and during pregnancy, weighing risks and benefits.