flavinoid

Flavonoids are a class of plant secondary metabolites that are widely distributed in the plant kingdom. They are known for their diverse biological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. Flavonoids are characterized by a common structure consisting of two aromatic rings (A and B) linked by a three-carbon chain. This structure is often referred to as the "flavonoid skeleton." The most common subclasses of flavonoids include flavones, flavonols, flavanones, flavanols (catechins), anthocyanidins, and isoflavones. Flavonoids are synthesized in plants through the shikimate pathway, which is also responsible for the production of other important plant metabolites, such as phenylpropanoids and alkaloids. They play crucial roles in plant defense mechanisms, pollination, and seed dispersal. Flavonoids are also of significant interest in human health and nutrition, as they are found in various foods, including fruits, vegetables, and beverages, and are believed to contribute to the health benefits associated with a plant-based diet. The study of flavonoids has led to the development of various pharmaceutical agents and dietary supplements aimed at harnessing their potential health benefits.