fjórðungarnir

Fjórðungarnir refers to the four administrative divisions of Iceland. These divisions, known as fjórðungur (plural: fjórðungar) which translates to "quarter," were historically used for administrative and judicial purposes. While the modern administrative structure of Iceland has evolved, the concept of fjórðungarnir remains relevant in understanding the country's historical organization and in certain cultural contexts.

The four fjórðungar were Norðvesturfjórðungur (Northwest Quarter), Norðausturfjórðungur (Northeast Quarter), Suðurfjórðungur (South Quarter), and Vesturfjórðungur (West Quarter). Each fjórðungur had its own regional assembly and was responsible for local governance and legal matters within its territory. These divisions played a significant role during the period of the Icelandic Commonwealth.

Over time, the importance of the fjórðungar as primary administrative units diminished with the consolidation of power and the introduction of new governmental structures. Today, Iceland is divided into regions and municipalities for administrative purposes. However, the historical fjórðungar continue to be referenced in discussions of Icelandic history, geography, and culture, often appearing in older literature and in place names. The concept also helps to delineate broad geographical and cultural areas within the island nation.