filtráció

Filtráció is a process used to separate solid particles from a liquid or gas by passing the mixture through a filter medium. The filter medium is designed to allow the fluid to pass through while retaining the solid particles. This separation is based on the size of the particles, with the filter having pores small enough to trap the solids but large enough for the fluid to flow.

The principle of filtration is widely applied in various fields. In everyday life, it is used in water purification systems to remove impurities, in coffee makers to separate coffee grounds from the brewed liquid, and in air purifiers to capture dust and allergens. Industrially, filtration is crucial in manufacturing processes, such as in the production of pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and food products, where purity is essential. It is also used in wastewater treatment to remove suspended solids before discharge or further processing.

The effectiveness of filtration depends on several factors, including the type of filter medium, the pore size of the filter, the pressure applied, and the properties of the mixture being filtered. Different types of filter media exist, such as paper, cloth, membranes, and ceramics, each suited for specific applications. Filtration can be performed using various methods, including gravity filtration, vacuum filtration, and pressure filtration. The choice of method depends on the volume of the mixture, the desired speed of filtration, and the nature of the solid particles.