filmréteget

Filmréteg (film layer) is a thin layer of material deposited on a substrate to modify surface properties such as optical behavior, electrical characteristics, chemical resistance, or mechanical performance.

Common film materials include oxides (silicon dioxide, alumina), metals (gold, aluminum), polymers (polyimide, PMMA), and composite or multi-layer stacks designed to combine properties.

Film layers are produced by diverse deposition techniques. Physical vapor deposition (PVD) methods like sputtering and evaporation, chemical vapor deposition (CVD), atomic layer deposition (ALD), electrochemical deposition, and spin coating are used depending on material and application.

Key properties of a film layer are thickness (ranging from a few nanometers to several micrometers), optical constants such as refractive index and extinction coefficient, adhesion to the substrate, and environmental stability.

Applications span optics (anti-reflective coatings and mirrors), electronics (dielectric and conductive layers), photovoltaics (thin-film solar cells), protective and barrier coatings, and wear- or corrosion-resistant surfaces.

Characterization techniques include ellipsometry for thickness and optical constants, profilometry for surface profile, spectroscopy for composition, and microscopy for morphology.

The concept has roots in early varnishing and lacquer work, but modern film layers rely on controlled deposition at nanoscale thickness to achieve precise performance.