feszültségkiegyenlítése

Feszültségkiegyenlítés, often translated as voltage equalization or voltage balancing, is a crucial process in battery management systems, particularly for battery packs composed of multiple individual cells. The primary goal of feszültségkiegyenlítés is to ensure that all cells within a battery pack maintain a similar state of charge and voltage level. This is important because individual cells in a pack can have slight variations in their capacity, internal resistance, and aging rates.

Without feszültségkiegyenlítés, these variations can lead to imbalances. During charging, some cells might become fully charged before others, potentially leading to overcharging and damage. Conversely, during discharging, some cells might be depleted earlier than others, leading to undercharging or even reversed polarity in extreme cases, which can also degrade the battery pack's performance and lifespan.

Feszültségkiegyenlítés can be achieved through various methods, broadly categorized into passive and active balancing. Passive balancing typically involves discharging the more charged cells through a resistor until they match the voltage of the least charged cells. Active balancing, on the other hand, redistributes energy between cells, either by transferring charge from more charged cells to less charged ones or by using energy storage elements.

Implementing feszültségkiegyenlítés enhances the overall capacity utilization of the battery pack, extends its operational life, improves safety by preventing overcharging and deep discharge of individual cells, and ensures consistent performance throughout the pack's usage. It is a standard feature in modern battery management systems for electric vehicles, portable electronics, and energy storage systems.