feszültségösszeg

feszültségösszeg, a term commonly used in Hungarian electrical engineering, refers to the algebraic sum of electrical potential differences encountered along a closed loop in a circuit. The principle that underlies this concept is Kirchhoff’s voltage law, which states that the total voltage sum in any closed loop is zero because energy is conserved as charge travels around a circuit. In practice this means that the sum of the voltage rises supplied by sources equals the sum of the voltage drops across resistive, inductive, or capacitive elements.

In a direct current (DC) network, feszültségösszeg is typically applied by listing all voltage drops in the direction of traversal and equating their sum to the supply voltage. The resulting equations form a linear system that can be solved by substitution, elimination, or matrix methods. For alternating current (AC) analysis, the same law applies but the voltages are represented as phasors; the sum of these complex numbers must also vanish.

Circuit designers use feszültségösszeg routinely in loop–analysis or mesh–analysis, a method of constructing independent equations for each independent loop. The method compliments nodal analysis, which focuses on node potentials. In addition, the voltage‑sum concept is fundamental to the verification of simulation results and the checking of hand calculations. Mastery of feszültségösszeg facilitates accurate modeling of power distribution, signal integrity, and control systems in both simple educational circuits and complex industrial designs.