fenolformaldehído

Phenol formaldehyde is a synthetic polymer formed by the reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. This chemical reaction, known as condensation polymerization, results in a thermosetting plastic. The process typically involves heating the two monomers in the presence of a catalyst, which can be either acidic or basic. Depending on the reaction conditions and the ratio of reactants, two main types of phenol formaldehyde resins can be produced: resoles and novolacs. Resoles are formed under basic conditions and contain methylol groups, allowing them to cure without further addition of formaldehyde. Novolacs are formed under acidic conditions and require a curing agent, usually formaldehyde or hexamethylenetetramine, to cross-link.

Phenol formaldehyde resins are known for their excellent thermal stability, electrical insulation properties, and resistance to chemicals and wear. These characteristics make them suitable for a wide range of applications. Historically, they were one of the first synthetic plastics to be mass-produced. They have been used in the manufacturing of electrical components, automotive parts, adhesives, coatings, and as binders in materials like plywood and brake pads. The material is often brittle in its pure form, but its properties can be modified by fillers and reinforcements. Due to its durability and cost-effectiveness, phenol formaldehyde continues to be employed in various industrial sectors.