felhajtóereje

felhajtóereje is the Hungarian term for lift, the force that counteracts weight and allows aircraft, birds, and other objects to rise into the air. It is generated when air flows over a surface with a different pressure distribution above and below the surface, creating a net upward force. The principle is based on Bernoulli’s equation and Newton’s third law, which together explain how the velocity of air changes and the resulting pressure differences produce lift.

The magnitude of lift is given by the lift equation: L = ½ ρ V² S C_L, where L is lift, ρ is air density, V is the velocity of the object relative to the air, S is the planform area of the lifting surface, and C_L is the lift coefficient. The lift coefficient depends on the shape of the surface, its angle of attack, and aerodynamic characteristics such as camber. Wing design, flap deployment, and winglets all modify C_L to adapt lift to different flight conditions.

In aviation, engineers tailor wing shapes to achieve enough lift at a given speed for takeoff and to maintain steady flight. Birds and insects similarly manipulate wing morphology and motion to modulate lift for soaring, flapping, or gliding. The study of lift, known as aerodynamics, employs wind-tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamics, and field observations to refine models and improve flight performance.

Understanding the lift (felhajtóereje) phenomenon is essential for designing aircraft, drones, helicopters, and for predicting the flight behaviour of natural flyers. It also plays a role in various engineering applications such as wind turbines and balloons, where manipulating pressure differentials is key to operation.