falci

Falci is the Italian plural form of falce, a term for hand-held agricultural cutting tools with a curved blade. The word derives from Latin falx, falcis, meaning a curved blade used for mowing and reaping. In common usage falci refers to the family of tools used to cut vegetation, including both the shorter sickle and the longer, two-handed scythe, depending on blade and handle length.

Falci come in different forms designed for manual cutting of grasses, cereals, and other crops. The sickle is a short, compact implement with a curved blade used with one hand, while the scythe has a longer snath (handle) and a larger curved blade operated with a sweeping motion. Both types share a single-edged blade that is sharpened along the edge and mounted at an angle to improve cutting efficiency. Variations exist in blade size, curve, and mounting method to suit local agricultural practices.

Historically, falci have been central to harvest and haymaking across many cultures, with usage dating back to antiquity. They played a key role in pre-industrial agriculture and remained widely used until mechanized mowers and tractors became common in the 19th and 20th centuries. In modern times, falci are still employed in small-scale farming, biodynamic or traditional agriculture, orchard upkeep, and gardening, where mechanical equipment is impractical or undesired.

Maintenance and safety are important for falci. The blade should be kept sharp and lightly oiled to prevent rust, and the edge should be honed with a file or whetstone. The handle and mounting must be inspected for damage, and proper technique should be used to minimize the risk of injury and blisters during use.