exprimând

Exprimând is the gerund form of the Romanian verb a exprima, meaning to express. It denotes the action of expressing thoughts, feelings, or ideas and is used to convey manner, concomitant action, or a-relational clause in non-finite form. As a non-finite verb form, exprimând functions similarly to English “expressing.”

Formation and function: Exprimând is formed by adding the thematic ending -ând to the stem exprim- of a expres- verb. The reflexive variant exists as exprimându-și when the subject expresses something to or about itself, as in exprimându-și opinia. When used in a sentence, the gerund typically refers to the same subject as the main clause and describes how the action of the main verb is performed, or it can indicate accompanying action or cause.

Usage: Exprimând is commonly used to indicate simultaneous action or manner, and it can introduce an accompanying circumstance: Exprimându-și nemulțumirea, el a cerut explicații. Exprimând ideile cu calm, ea a prezentat planul. In formal writing, the gerund is less common in long passages; Romanian often prefers phrases like în timp ce exprimă or prin exprimare to avoid ambiguity. The gerund can also function in noun-like clauses in literary or descriptive prose.

Etymology and related terms: Exprimând derives from the Latin exprimere, via the Romanian a exprima, meaning to press out or to convey. Related terms include exprimare (expression) and exprimator (expressor). The semantic field covers linguistic expression, communication, and articulation of opinions or feelings.