excitotoxicityä

Excitotoxicity is a process in which nerve cells or neurons are damaged and killed by the overactivation of their own receptors, leading to an excessive influx of ions, particularly calcium and sodium, into the cell. This process is often associated with neurodegenerative diseases, brain injuries, and stroke.

Excitotoxicity is typically caused by the overrelease of excitatory neurotransmitters, such as glutamate, from neurons. These neurotransmitters bind to specific receptors on the surface of the target neurons, causing the release of excess calcium ions into the cell. The influx of these ions disrupts the normal functioning of the neuron, leading to the breakdown of its internal structures and ultimately its death.

The process of excitotoxicity is complex and can involve multiple cellular and molecular pathways. It is thought to play a key role in the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. In the case of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), excitotoxicity is believed to contribute to the progressive destruction of motor neurons.

Research into excitotoxicity has highlighted the potential for novel therapeutic approaches to neurodegenerative diseases. Strategies aimed at reducing excitotoxicity, such as the use of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonists, are being explored as potential treatments. Further research is needed to understand the mechanisms underlying excitotoxicity and to develop effective treatments for the various conditions associated with this process.