etäpesäkkeeseen

Etäpesäke, also known as metastasis, refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary tumor to other parts of the body. This process occurs when cancer cells detach from the original tumor, enter the bloodstream or lymphatic system, and travel to distant organs where they can form new tumors. These new tumors are called secondary tumors or metastases.

The formation of metastases is a complex biological process involving several stages. First, cancer cells must invade the surrounding tissue and enter a blood vessel or lymphatic vessel. Once in the circulatory system, these cells can travel throughout the body. They may survive and eventually exit the bloodstream or lymphatic system at a distant site, forming a secondary tumor. This secondary tumor is composed of the same type of cancer cells as the primary tumor, indicating its origin.

Metastasis is a significant factor in cancer mortality. When cancer spreads, it becomes more difficult to treat and can disrupt the function of vital organs. The common sites for metastasis vary depending on the type of primary cancer, but frequently include the lungs, liver, bones, and brain.

Detecting and treating metastases is a crucial aspect of cancer management. Medical imaging techniques like CT scans, MRI, and PET scans are used to identify metastatic disease. Treatment strategies often involve a combination of therapies such as surgery, chemotherapy, radiation therapy, and targeted drug therapies, aimed at controlling or eradicating the spread of cancer.