estigmatização

Estigmatização refers to the process by which an individual or group is marked as different, undesirable, or flawed due to certain characteristics, behaviors, or conditions. This marking leads to social disapproval, discrimination, and prejudice. The stigma is often attached to attributes that are perceived as violating social norms, such as mental illness, physical disabilities, poverty, or belonging to certain ethnic or social groups.

The process of stigmatization typically involves several stages. First, a label or characteristic is identified and associated with a particular group. This label is then stereotyped, assigning negative attributes to all members of the group. Following this, the labeled group is separated from the rest of society, creating an "us" versus "them" dynamic. Finally, this separation leads to status loss and discrimination, where individuals from the stigmatized group face disadvantages in various aspects of life, including employment, housing, and social interactions.

Stigmatization can have profound negative impacts on individuals and communities. It can lead to feelings of shame, isolation, and low self-esteem. It can also create significant barriers to accessing resources and opportunities, perpetuating cycles of disadvantage. In some cases, stigmatization can even lead to violence and human rights abuses. Addressing estigmatização requires efforts to challenge stereotypes, promote understanding, and foster inclusive social environments.