espér

espér is a French verb meaning "to hope." It is a regular -er verb, following the standard conjugation patterns for its class. The present tense of espér is used to express present or future hopes. For example, "J'espère que tu iras bien" translates to "I hope you will be well." The past tense, particularly the passé composé, is used to talk about hopes that were held in the past. "J'avais espéré qu'il viendrait" means "I had hoped he would come." The future tense, "j'espérerai," indicates a hope that will exist in the future.

The verb espér is often used in conjunction with the subjunctive mood when expressing a hope about an action or state performed by someone else. For instance, "J'espère qu'il pleuve" (although grammatically correct, "J'espère qu'il pleuvra" using the future is more common for a direct hope about weather). A more typical subjunctive usage would be "J'espère qu'il soit content" (I hope he is happy). The infinitive form, "espérer," can be used after prepositions or in certain grammatical constructions.

The noun form derived from espér is "espoir," which means "hope" in English. This noun can refer to a general feeling of optimism or a specific expectation. The adjective form is "espéré" (masculine) and "espérée" (feminine), meaning "hoped-for" or "expected." For example, "un résultat espéré" means "an expected result." The verb espér is a fundamental part of expressing desires and expectations in the French language.