espinal

Espinal is a Spanish term that functions as an adjective meaning related to the spine. In medical and anatomical contexts, espinal appears in phrases such as anestesia espinal (spinal anesthesia) and descriptions of spinal structures. The term derives from espina, meaning spine or thorn, and is used in various clinical and anatomical senses.

Geographically and ecologically, Espinal denotes a natural region in central Colombia characterized by dry tropical forest and thorny scrub. It represents a distinct ecological and cultural zone that influences land use, agriculture, and biodiversity in the area. The name is also used in place names; for instance, there is a municipality named Espinal in the Tolima Department of Colombia.

In onomastics, Espinal is a surname of Spanish origin. It is found in Spanish-speaking countries and is likely toponymic, originating from a place name or from the descriptive association with thorny vegetation linked to the term Espinal.