erfðakerfið
Erfðakerfið, also known as the genetic system or heredity system, refers to the biological mechanisms by which traits are passed from parents to offspring. This process is fundamental to life, ensuring the continuity of species and the diversity within them. The core components of erfðakerfið are genes, which are segments of DNA that carry the instructions for building and operating an organism.
These genes are organized into chromosomes, which are thread-like structures found within the nucleus of cells.
Understanding erfðakerfið has revolutionized biology and medicine. It allows for the diagnosis and treatment of genetic