enkefalín

Enkephalins are a group of endogenous opioid peptides that play a crucial role in the central nervous system. They were first discovered in the early 1970s and are derived from the precursor protein proenkephalin. The two primary enkephalins are methionine-enkephalin (Met-Enk) and leucine-enkephalin (Leu-Enk), which differ by a single amino acid at position 2. These peptides are involved in various physiological processes, including pain modulation, reward pathways, and stress response.

Enkephalins exert their effects through the activation of opioid receptors, particularly the mu-opioid receptor (MOR). The binding of enkephalins to MORs leads to the inhibition of neurotransmitter release and the modulation of ion channels, resulting in analgesic, sedative, and euphoric effects. The endogenous nature of enkephalins suggests that they play a significant role in the body's natural pain control mechanisms.

The enkephalin system is also implicated in the regulation of mood and reward. The activation of opioid receptors by enkephalins is associated with feelings of pleasure and well-being, contributing to the reinforcing effects of drugs of abuse. Furthermore, enkephalins have been studied for their potential therapeutic applications in the treatment of pain, addiction, and other neurological disorders.

The enkephalin system is subject to complex regulatory mechanisms, including the action of enkephalinases, which degrade enkephalins, and the influence of other neurotransmitter systems. The balance between enkephalins and their receptors is crucial for maintaining homeostasis and proper functioning of the central nervous system.