endourológia

Endourology is a subspecialty of urology that focuses on the minimally invasive treatment of urinary tract disorders. It utilizes endoscopes, which are thin, flexible tubes with a camera and light, to diagnose and treat conditions within the urinary system. These procedures are often performed through natural orifices, such as the urethra, or through small incisions.

The primary goals of endourology are to reduce patient discomfort, shorten recovery times, and minimize scarring compared to traditional open surgery. Common endourological procedures include lithotripsy for kidney stones, which uses shock waves or lasers to break stones into smaller fragments that can be passed naturally. Another common application is the treatment of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), where endoscopes are used to remove or vaporize excess prostate tissue.

Endourology also plays a crucial role in the diagnosis and management of urothelial carcinoma, cancer of the lining of the urinary tract. Ureteroscopy allows for visualization and biopsy of tumors within the ureters and renal pelvis. Furthermore, endourological techniques are employed in the treatment of strictures (narrowing) of the urethra or ureters. The field continues to evolve with advancements in imaging technology, laser energy sources, and robotic assistance, further enhancing its minimally invasive capabilities.