endotrakeaaliputki

An endotracheal tube, or ETT, is a flexible plastic tube that is inserted into the trachea through the mouth or nose. This procedure is known as endotracheal intubation. The primary purpose of an ETT is to facilitate ventilation and oxygenation for a patient who is unable to breathe adequately on their own. It provides a direct airway, bypassing the upper airway structures.

Endotracheal intubation is commonly performed in emergency situations, such as cardiac arrest or severe respiratory distress, as well as in surgical settings to ensure a secure airway during anesthesia. The tube is typically connected to a ventilator, which mechanically breathes for the patient, delivering oxygen and removing carbon dioxide. The placement of the ETT is crucial and is usually confirmed by listening for bilateral breath sounds and observing chest rise, with further confirmation often obtained via chest X-ray.

The ETT has an inflatable cuff near its distal end, which is inflated once the tube is in place. This cuff seals the trachea, preventing air from escaping around the tube and reducing the risk of aspiration of stomach contents into the lungs. The length of time an ETT remains in place varies depending on the patient's condition and clinical scenario, with prolonged intubation sometimes requiring a tracheostomy. Complications associated with ETT use can include vocal cord injury, tracheal damage, and pneumonia.