endothelinové

Endothelin is a family of potent vasoconstrictive peptides. There are three main isoforms: endothelin-1, endothelin-2, and endothelin-3. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most widely studied and physiologically significant isoform. It is primarily synthesized and released by endothelial cells, the cells that line the interior of blood vessels.

ET-1 exerts its effects by binding to specific receptors on target cells, primarily endothelin receptors A (ET A) and B (ET B). ET A receptors are found on smooth muscle cells and mediate vasoconstriction. ET B receptors are located on both endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells. On endothelial cells, ET B receptors can facilitate the clearance of ET-1 and promote vasodilation through the release of nitric oxide. However, on smooth muscle cells, ET B receptors can also contribute to vasoconstriction.

The primary role of endothelin-1 in the body is the regulation of vascular tone. It is a major contributor to basal vascular tone and plays a role in maintaining blood pressure. Elevated levels of endothelin-1 have been implicated in various cardiovascular diseases, including pulmonary hypertension, essential hypertension, and heart failure. Its potent vasoconstrictive properties can lead to increased peripheral resistance and strain on the heart. Beyond its vascular effects, endothelin peptides are also involved in cell growth, differentiation, and wound healing.