endothelini

Endothelin is a family of potent vasoactive peptides that are primarily produced by endothelial cells, which line the interior surface of blood vessels. These peptides play a crucial role in regulating blood vessel tone and blood pressure. Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is the most studied member of the endothelin family and is known for its potent vasoconstrictive effects, which can lead to increased blood pressure and reduced blood flow. ET-1 also has mitogenic and proliferative effects on various cell types, contributing to the development of atherosclerosis and other vascular diseases. Endothelins bind to specific G-protein-coupled receptors, primarily ET-A and ET-B, which mediate their biological effects. The endothelin system is tightly regulated by various factors, including nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and other endogenous substances. Dysregulation of the endothelin system has been implicated in the pathogenesis of several cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, heart failure, and coronary artery disease. Therapeutic strategies targeting the endothelin system are being explored for the treatment of these conditions, with endothelin receptor antagonists and endothelin-converting enzyme inhibitors being among the most promising approaches.