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An endonym is the native name for a place, people, or language. It is the name that its inhabitants or speakers use for themselves or their territory. This contrasts with an exonym, which is a name for a place, people, or language that is used by outsiders. For example, the endonym for Germany is Deutschland, while the exonym is Germany. Similarly, the endonym for the indigenous people of Australia is often considered to be Aboriginal peoples, although this is a broad term encompassing many distinct groups, each with their own endonyms. The endonym for the city of Rome is Roma.

The use of endonyms and exonyms can be a sensitive issue. In some cases, exonyms are considered offensive or outdated. There has been a growing movement to use endonyms where possible, particularly in academic and diplomatic contexts. This shift reflects a greater respect for cultural identity and self-determination. Many countries and organizations are actively revising their official place names and referring to peoples by their preferred endonyms. Understanding the distinction between endonyms and exonyms is important for accurate and respectful communication. It helps to avoid misrepresentation and to acknowledge the perspectives of those who live in or belong to a particular place or group.